نشریه اقتصاد و جامعه
پیاپی 4 (تابستان 1384)

Price is seen as an essential factor in creating incentive for economic activities and pricing policy, or control of prices, is an issue for discussion in the economies of developed and developing countries. Prior to the 80s, the aim of the control of agricultural products’ prices in Iran was to curb their rise. Later, however, in 1990 the law passed to guarantee the purchase of agricultural products by the State along with its amendment in 1995, to cover horticultural and meat products, aimed at increasing the production and curbing imports. The question is; has that pricing policy succeeded in achieving its objectives and which sector of the producers benefit from such a supportive policy

If planned well, joining the World Trade Organization, particularly for the developing countries, could be seen as an opportunity. Recognition of Iran as an observing member of WTO entails lawful and structural reforms as well as transparency in various domains of the country. While this paper examines the relevant issues debated, it will also discuss bottlenecks and opportunities for Iran in joining WTO. In conclusion, practical ways of dealing with relevant issues are proposed by the paper.

Nowadays, ‘transactional expenditures’ are regarded as an effective variable in the development of economic activities. The issue is discussed in this paper, within the frame of ‘new fundamental analysis’, in which, apart from debating the variable of ‘development of technology’, other variables influencing ‘transactional expenditures’ will be addressed. Through such an analysis it will be firstly deduced that; the principles and rules of the culture of a society act as a key variable in influencing ‘transactional expenditures’ and secondly, that; the culture of a society can help curb such ‘expenditures’ if its principles and rules stress on ‘humane individualism’.

Shocks in oil markets is one of the most important events at these markets which influence them greatly. These shocks have lead to establishing new international organizations such as International Agency of Energy which operates similur to OPEC. In this essay, Considering oil supply and demand of the world, the role of leadership of the oil market is examined. In addition the neccesity for defining and clarification of relations as well as their modern organizing according to new condition is emphasized.

Nowadays, new philosophical topics are concentrating on exploring the influence of theoretical and cultural views in shaping up behavioral patterns of man and in the development of modern sciences. Many philosophers believe that talking about shaping up of social sciences in the modern world without relevant philosophical and cultural concepts is almost impossible. In other word, philosophy is the conceptual prerequisite for the creation of such sciences. This paper is an attempt to explore the role of religious thoughts, as a cultural factor, and also philosophical notions in the emergence of environmental crisis and in the establishment of modern economy as the embodiment of socio-economic behaviors of mankind.

An important issue of the day that has captivated the thoughts of many economists is the correlation between ‘democracy’ and the science of ‘economy’. On the other hand, the trend of evolution in the economic theories of development shows that the significance of the concept of social justice, as a key variable in some economic schools and systems, has gained great momentum. In fact, ‘justice’ is being seen as a pillar of economic development. This paper is an attempt to discuss the correlation between developed democracy and a just State.

Christian economy is a form of religious economy whose literature began emerging in the 1970s and has been developing significantly ever since. This paper examines whether or not the Bible contains economic concepts. Then the notion behind the movement to reform religious percepts is debated in the paper. The concluding part of the paper deals with the definition and nature of Christian economy